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Streptokinase

 Streptokinase: A Comprehensive Overview

Streptokinase is a medication used to treat acute ischemic stroke, pulmonary embolism, and myocardial infarction (heart attack). It belongs to the class of thrombolytics, which work by dissolving blood clots.

Uses

Streptokinase is used to treat:

- Acute ischemic stroke: a condition where a blood clot blocks the flow of blood to the brain

- Pulmonary embolism: a condition where a blood clot blocks the flow of blood to the lungs

- Myocardial infarction (heart attack): a condition where a blood clot blocks the flow of blood to the heart

How Streptokinase Works

Streptokinase works by:

- Activating plasminogen: streptokinase activates plasminogen, a protein that helps to dissolve blood clots

- Dissolving blood clots: streptokinase helps to dissolve blood clots by breaking down the fibrin protein that holds the clot together

Dosage and Administration

Streptokinase is typically administered intravenously (IV) or intracoronarily (IC). The dosage depends on the individual's condition, age, and weight.

- Acute ischemic stroke: 1.5 million units IV over 1 hour

- Pulmonary embolism: 250,000 units IV over 30 minutes, followed by 100,000 units/hour for 24 hours

- Myocardial infarction (heart attack): 1.5 million units IV over 1 hour

Side Effects

Common side effects of streptokinase include:

- Bleeding: streptokinase can cause bleeding, including intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain)

- Allergic reactions: streptokinase can cause allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis

- Hypotension: streptokinase can cause low blood pressure

- Nausea and vomiting

- Headache

Precautions and Contraindications

Before taking streptokinase, consult your doctor if you have:

- Bleeding disorders: streptokinase may increase the risk of bleeding

- Recent surgery or trauma: streptokinase may increase the risk of bleeding

- Pregnancy or breastfeeding: streptokinase may harm the fetus or baby

- Allergies to streptokinase or other thrombolytics: streptokinase may cause allergic reactions

Interactions

Streptokinase may interact with:

- Anticoagulants: increasing the risk of bleeding

- Antiplatelet agents: increasing the risk of bleeding

- Thrombolytics: increasing the risk of bleeding

Pharmacology

Streptokinase is a thrombolytic agent with a molecular weight of approximately 47 kDa. It is derived from the bacterium Streptococcus and works by activating plasminogen.

Brand Names and Availability

Streptokinase is marketed under various brand names, including Streptase. It is available in many countries, including the United States, Europe, and Asia.

Conclusion

Streptokinase is an effective medication for treating acute ischemic stroke, pulmonary embolism, and myocardial infarction (heart attack). While generally well-tolerated, it's essential to be aware of the potential side effects and interactions associated with this medication. By consulting with a healthcare provider and following the recommended dosage, individuals can effectively manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.

Additional Resources

For more information on streptokinase, including user reviews and ratings, please consult reputable online sources, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) or the World Health Organization (WHO).

References

1. National Institutes of Health (NIH). (2022). Streptokinase.

2. World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). Streptokinase.

3. MedlinePlus. (2022). Streptokinase.